A. MacIntyre : Tradition and Translation
A precondition of the adherents of two different traditions understanding those tradition must be that they share standards of rational evaluation so that they are able to understand one another. Translability in their views entails commensurability. Adherents are first to indentify within new language. Important is to recognize what cannot be said in the new language, which is so far at the particular time untranslatable.
MacIntyre talks about two species od translation: translation by samesaying and translation by linguistic innovation, through which can tradition be transmitted from it original language to later languages.
Language is used by particular comunity in particular time with particular shared beliefs, instituitions and practices. These beliefs are embodied in various linguistic expressions. The language will provide standards uses for range of expressions, which use will presupoose commitment to those same beliefs, instituitions and practices.
Usage of language is very close to tradition because tradition is expressed by vocabulary of language. By language we express beliefs, beliefs of some particular tradition.
Sometimes it may happen tht something from one language cannot be translated into second language because of lack of idioms or possesing different areas of rescourses unaviable to each other. That´s why bariers in translation arise.
Naming persons and places is also important. There are set of names used only in particular communities in particular areas. In such a case name has relationship to it´s bearer. If it is so, the use of names presuposes beliefs, no translation into the language of a different community with different beliefs can be achieved by simply reproducing the name or some version of it. Names are often used as identifications for those who share the same beliefs, justifications and authority. When a stranger uses such a name he or she simply identifies a place or person. Name is reduced to pure reference.
There are two problems of translatibility. First is when we are to translate something into a language of another community and the key areas are strongly incompatible. That means that language of one community is so closely tied to beliefs which are incompatible to beliefs of the other community that their are not only incompatible but also incommensurable.
Second problem is when we are to translate from any other language to language of international modernity. Every language is closely tied to set of beliefs, so when translating rival beliefs should be respected.
Test of translation
A -> B Text form language A is translated into language B.
B -> A Text from language B is translated back into language A.
————–
A = A Texts should be substantially the same.
If they are not, translation wasn´t done well.
Komentáre
Žiadne komentáre
Pridať komentár